refactor: Umstellung auf Mini-MVC-Architektur (Issue #46)

- Front Controller Pattern mit public/index.php als Einstiegspunkt
- Eigenes Routing (App\Core\Router) ohne externes Framework
- Controller: HomeController, ImpressumController, DatenschutzController
- Views mit gemeinsamem Layout (app/views/layouts/main.php)
- PSR-4 Autoloading
- Statische Assets nach public/ verschoben
- Alte Dateien (index.php, impressum.html, datenschutz.html) geloescht
- 301-Redirects fuer alte URLs
- PHP 8.5 kompatibel
- Apache DocumentRoot auf public/ gesetzt

app/core/Router.php

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Core;
+
+class Router
+{
+    private array $routes = [];
+
+    public function addRoute(string $path, string $controller, string $action = 'index'): void
+    {
+        $this->routes[$path] = [
+            'controller' => $controller,
+            'action'     => $action,
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function dispatch(string $uri): void
+    {
+        // Normalize: strip query string and trailing slash
+        $path = parse_url($uri, PHP_URL_PATH);
+        $path = rtrim($path, '/') ?: '/';
+
+        // Direct match
+        if (isset($this->routes[$path])) {
+            $this->execute($this->routes[$path]);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Legacy .html redirect (301)
+        if (preg_match('#^/(impressum|datenschutz)\.html$#', $path, $m)) {
+            header('Location: /' . $m[1], true, 301);
+            exit;
+        }
+
+        // 404
+        http_response_code(404);
+        echo '<h1>404 – Seite nicht gefunden</h1>';
+        echo '<p><a href="/">Zurück zur Startseite</a></p>';
+    }
+
+    private function execute(array $route): void
+    {
+        $controllerClass = $route['controller'];
+        $action = $route['action'];
+
+        if (!class_exists($controllerClass)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("Controller {$controllerClass} nicht gefunden.");
+        }
+
+        $controller = new $controllerClass();
+
+        if (!method_exists($controller, $action)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("Action {$action} in {$controllerClass} nicht gefunden.");
+        }
+
+        $controller->$action();
+    }
+}

app/core/View.php

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Core;
+
+class View
+{
+    private string $viewsPath;
+    private array $data = [];
+
+    public function __construct(?string $viewsPath = null)
+    {
+        $this->viewsPath = $viewsPath ?? dirname(__DIR__) . '/views';
+    }
+
+    public function assign(string $key, mixed $value): void
+    {
+        $this->data[$key] = $value;
+    }
+
+    public function render(string $view, string $layout = 'main'): void
+    {
+        $viewFile = $this->viewsPath . '/' . $view . '.php';
+        $layoutFile = $this->viewsPath . '/layouts/' . $layout . '.php';
+
+        if (!file_exists($viewFile)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("View {$view} nicht gefunden: {$viewFile}");
+        }
+
+        if (!file_exists($layoutFile)) {
+            throw new \RuntimeException("Layout {$layout} nicht gefunden: {$layoutFile}");
+        }
+
+        // Extract data to variables for the view
+        extract($this->data, EXTR_SKIP);
+
+        // Capture view content
+        ob_start();
+        require $viewFile;
+        $content = ob_get_clean();
+
+        // Render layout with $content
+        require $layoutFile;
+    }
+}